Bird's-Eye View on the Gita as per Sadhak Sanjeevani [Gita Press]

Text Source : Sadhak Sanjeevani, Gita Press

The eighteenth chapter of the Gita, is the gist of the whole Gita, and all the topics discussed in the previous seventeen chapters have been summed up here. In this chapter, there are three important points which need attention - (I) A topic, which has been touched upon in brief in other chapters; has been discussed in detail, in this chapter, (2) a topic, which has been examined in detail in other chapters, has been concluded here, briefly and (3) topics dealt with in other chapters, have been elucidated in a different manner in this chapter.

Q&A on पुरुष, प्रकृति and ईश्वर with Swami Chidananda

Swami Chidananda has been a speaker, writer, and teacher of spiritual topics for nearly four decades. He is the founder, trustee and chief resource person of FOWAI FORUM, a non-government organisation (NGO) engaged in dialogues on human values, promotion of spiritual studies, and serving all life forms. Born in 1957 in Kundapura (Udupi District, Karnataka), he received B.E. from Mysore University in 1980) and M.Tech. from IIT Madras in 1982. He served at Hindustan Computers (HCL) in hardware R&D for two years and also taught at Bangalore Institute of Technology for three years. He knows English, Kannada, Hindi, and Sanskrit. At the young age of 23, he was inspired by the uplifting discourses of his mentor Swami Chinmayananda. He served at Chinmaya Mission for 18 years (1984-2002) and later was at Krishnamurti Foundation India, Varanasi for 10 years (2003 – 2013). His thought evolved through coming in contact with the works of several great thinkers, notable among them being Ramana Maharshi and Jiddu Krishnamurti.

I got in touch with Swami Chidananda many years ago at IIT Delhi when I was the coordinator of the Vivekananda Study Circle there, and have had many very interesting and inspiring discussions with him on many topics related to Indian philosophy. This blog is an edited transcript of one such online discussion held with him on July 07, 2023.

Undecidable Questions in Indian Philosophy

In the 19th century, when mathematicians tried to consolidate and deeply analyse the scattered mathematical concepts haphazardly developed over the last few centuries, they ran into various paradoxes and inconsistencies. German mathematician David Hilbert developed Hilbert's program in the early 20th century as an approach to resolve this foundational crisis in mathematics. Hilbert proposed a solution by establishing a finite and comprehensive set of axioms to serve as the basis for all existing theories. He aimed to demonstrate the consistency of these axioms through a proof. However, in 1931, mathematician Kurt Gödel published his incompleteness theorems, which revealed that Hilbert's program was unachievable for crucial areas of mathematics. As a result, it became shockingly evident to mathematicians that certain statements can never be proven or disproven, rendering them undecidable! This concept of undecidability is not restricted to mathematics and applies to any logical framework, but of course, in different ways depending on how the particular logical framework has been constructed. And if we look at Indian philosophy from a logical perspective, it is applicable there too! What this means is that there are certain concepts in Indian philosophy that are also undecidable from a logical perspective and trying to answer these undecidable questions leads to a lot of unnecessary confusion. Lets try to analyse and understand some of these undecidable questions in Indian philosophy.

Is killing animals for food a good idea?

I have eaten non-vegetarian food in the past and still eat egg regularly. And I don't regret having eaten animals in the past. So I am definitely not a fanatic vegetarian! Then why did I stop eating non-vegetarian food? Because somewhere deep within I feel killing animals for food is not right. But then a lot of religious Hindus also eat non-vegetarian food. Even some of the most respected Hindu saints like Vivekananda and Ramakrishna also used to eat non-vegetarian food (mainly fish). So then what's wrong with eating non-vegetarian food?

Is India's secularism under threat?

I generally avoid writing blogs on political topics but its getting more and more difficult to ignore the fast changing socio-political situation in India. A major red alert for me recently was when a very good school friend of mine asked me if I automatically form a negative opinion of a person if s/he has a Muslim name! In the 20+ years I have known him, we have never mentioned anything remotely close to religion in our discussions, but now something had surely changed quite dramatically. He too stays away from such controversial topics, but was now quite frustrated due to being turned away by many apartment owners in Bangalore. I can understand vegetarian flat owners turning away non-vegetarian tenants, but my friend's experience had nothing to do with food preferences. It was primarily driven by religious biases.

The Law of Karma

"As you sow, so shall you reap", is a popular English proverb, and is also commonly believed to be the essence of the law of Karma. If you do good Karma, good will happen to you. If you do bad Karma, bad will happen to you. But given how paradoxical life is, there is another Hindi proverb that says, "Neki kar, dariya mein daal", which means that you should not expect anything in return for the good you do to others. Its again a common belief that even if the person you helped does not give you anything in return, your good actions are being documented by some universal record keeper, and you will be adequately compensated for it in the long run. However, the paradox does not end here. There is also a concept of detachment in the Gita, which says that you have right to perform Karma, but have no right over the results generated by your Karma. So then, will I really reap as I sow?

Ishwara : The only antidote to all delusions

Every university has four kinds of teachers. The first set of teachers give marks in exams based on the name or face of the student, irrespective of what they write in exams. Even the best universities have such teachers to some extent at least. If you are in their good books, you will become the topper, otherwise good luck with your career! The second set of teachers give marks based on how precisely the students remember what was written in the notes given by the teacher. These teachers basically don't encourage thinking and mainly promote rote memorisation. The third set of teachers discourage memorisation and give marks for original thinking and creative problem solving. The concepts of God that different human beings have can also divided into similar categories. Some people think that God will be pleased with them just because of their name or family background or community to which they belong. Some others believe that God will be pleased with them just because they do as S/He says. Then there are also others who believe that God will be pleased with them because they apply their own rational thought and perform good actions for the welfare of all, and will grant them an eternal abode in the heavens above. Although these three categories are different, they are all about performing some actions to get some material benefits and pleasures in different ways. But who among them is actually right about the concept of God? 

Work-Life Balance : A Practical Perspective

This blog is a short summary of 8 YouTube videos made by me and my wife (Shweta) on Work-Life Balance. The goal of these videos is to provide a practical perspective into this very important topic, and also some effective techniques that can be used to maintain a balanced lifestyle.

The Myth of Moksha

All religions of the world, without exception, are based on the concept of deliverance from suffering. Human beings, no matter how rich or poor, go through varied experiences in their lives, some of which are good and some bad. The bad experiences lead to suffering, and create a stronger impression on the mind than the good experiences. And since there does not seem to be a way to get rid of suffering in this earthly life, the human mind starts looking for it in the heavens above. The first stage in this striving is to imagine an eternal heaven with unending pleasures that one can get access to after death of the body, if one belongs to a certain group or does certain good actions as per wishes of the heaven's gatekeeper called God. After some more evolution, the human mind realises the fallacy of this desire, and understands that no such pleasures, earthly or heavenly, can be eternal and so after a certain period, a return to earthly life of mixed pleasure and pain is inevitable. But this answer also does not satisfy the human mind, and so it goes on to construct or accept the concept of "Moksha" where one goes beyond both pleasure as well as pain permanently through dissolution of the "soul" or subtle body comprising of the prana and manas. There are elaborate texts of Vedanta and Yoga written to help human beings in progressing on this path and finally achieving the goal of Moksha or ultimate freedom/liberation, through a sustained effort over many lifetimes. But is Moksha an achievable goal, or is it just another myth constructed by the human mind? More importantly, do the Vedantic scriptures clearly support this idea of Moksha?

What I Learnt from my Failed Experiments with Entrepreneurship

 I am from a business family, most of my relatives are into business of some kind, and so a lot of our family conversations revolve around business. If you think the word "business" occurred too many times in the previous sentence, you can well imagine how much intertwined it has been with my life since my early childhood! Now you may think that someone from this kind of background would naturally be good at entrepreneurship, but thats not really the case. Talking about business and actually doing it are very different things. That was my first lesson back in 2005 when I started a coaching centre for IIT-JEE at my native place (Balasore, Odisha) after finishing my B.Tech. from IIT Madras. During my final year at IITM, I was considering two options : starting a JEE coaching centre at Balasore or going for a PhD. Although I was very passionate about science, I was not sure if I had the patience to pursue a PhD. When I began my undergrad, my sole aim was to learn software programming and earn money in the industry. But over the course of 4 years, I completely lost interest in this trajectory due to various reasons and was mesmerised by various concepts of physics. At IITM, I was also deeply involved with Vivekananda Study Circle as a volunteer, which had ingrained in me a deep desire to contribute to the society. The coaching centre idea was motivated by a mix of both these reasons, i.e. to stay in touch with physics and to help students from my native place in reaching the best institutions of higher education. So, as soon as my final semester exams got over, I packed my bags, came back home and rented a small room near our house to start my JEE classes!

How do I find my soul mate?

Finding a soul mate is a hard problem, and we all know that very well! But the good news is that if you are truly looking for a soul mate, it means that you are looking for a deeper experience of life and are not just satisfied with superficial things. That's a sign of evolution!

Prevalence of Manipulative Fake News in Indian News Media

Media is the fourth pillar of our democracy and a significant source of getting correct and precise information about various events around the world. In the present digital age, online news websites have become an important source of news and information for an ordinary person. However, nowadays, it becomes difficult for us to get precise information, due to the menace of fake news. There can be two types of fake news, one which is factually incorrect, and the other which is factual, but presented in a manipulative manner and thus, representing fictional style of writing. Both these problems are equally serious and can cause a lot of social damage if not tackled properly. A lot of work is already going on in the domain of detecting incorrect factual information published by online news agencies, but the latter problem of manipulative news content is hardly paid attention to. 

Online Education : Rationale and Effective Methods

The process of evolution does not follow an optimisation protocol to minimise or maximise a single cost function. And it is this which leads to the limitless variety in living systems that we see all around us. Plants, insects, bacteria, viruses, animals and humans, all belong to this one big family of living organisms, but are so different from each other. Each has its own trajectory of evolution and they all share a common goal, i.e. to live and grow! Interestingly, this immense variety that we see among living systems also exists within the human family too. Even humans living under very similar circumstances often turn out to be so different from each other. For example, although Lata Mangeshkar and Asha Bhonsle are sisters and famous singers, their style of music is so different from each other! Just see your own siblings and cousins. Very rarely will you find someone who is just like you. As far as we know, this is a unique human trait and not shared by any other living organisms. Should not this very important feature of the human species be factored in while designing our education system? Obviously, yes!